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1 executive approval
Деловая лексика: утверждение вышестоящей инстанцией -
2 executive approval
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3 executive approval
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4 approval
[əˈpru:vəl]administrative approval административное санкционирование advance approval предварительное одобрение advance approval предварительное согласование approval визирование approval одобрение; благоприятное мнение; he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план; to meet with approval получить одобрение; on approval см. appro approval одобрение approval предметы, посланные покупателю на пробу approval рассмотрение; to submit for approval представить на рассмотрение, для оценки approval рассмотрение approval санкционирование approval санкция approval утверждение; санкция approval утверждение approval by the authorities санкционирование органами власти approval of a building приемка здания binding advance approval налог. обязательное предварительное утверждение central government approval утверждение центральным правительством court approval одобрение судом credit approval согласие выдать кредит deny approval отрицать признание design approval утверждение проекта entry approval вчт. подтверждение ввода environmental approval одобрение экологической службой executive approval утверждение вышестоящей инстанцией government approval одобрение правительства government approval поддержка правительства government approval санкция правительства approval одобрение; благоприятное мнение; he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план; to meet with approval получить одобрение; on approval см. appro approval одобрение; благоприятное мнение; he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план; to meet with approval получить одобрение; on approval см. appro official approval официальное одобрение approval одобрение; благоприятное мнение; he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план; to meet with approval получить одобрение; on approval см. appro on approval на одобрении on approval на рассмотрении on approval на согласовании on approval на утверждении pattern approval утверждение образца pending official approval в ожидании официального одобрения price approval утверждение цены prior approval предварительное одобрение purchase on approval покупка с условием последующего одобрения товара покупателем requiring official approval необходимое официальное одобрение sale on approval продажа с условием последующего одобрения товара покупателем sale: approval on approval продажа с правом покупателя отказаться от товара approval on approval продажа с условием последующего одобрения товара покупателем approval рассмотрение; to submit for approval представить на рассмотрение, для оценки technical approval аттестация type approval утверждение типового образца withdraw the approval отменять утверждение -
5 executive
1) керівник, керівний працівник; службовець; фахівець; член правління; адміністратор; відповідальний співробітник; керівний орган; уряд; глава виконавчої влади; губернатор штату ( у США); the executive виконавча влада2) виконавчий; адміністративний; урядовий•- executive action
- executive administration
- executive agency
- executive agreement
- executive appointment
- executive appropriations
- executive approval
- executive assistance
- executive authority
- executive authorization
- executive board
- executive body
- executive body of state power
- executive branch
- executive branch of government
- executive calendar
- executive clemency -
6 approval
əˈpru:vəl сущ.
1) одобрение;
благоприятное мнение complete, unqualified approval ≈ безоговорочное одобрение qualified approval ≈ частичное одобрение tacit approval ≈ молчаливое одобрение public approval ≈ общественное одобрение He gave his approval to our plan. ≈ Он одобрил наш план. to meet with approval ≈ получить одобрение on approval ≈ см. appro I met approval in her look. ≈ Я встретил одобрение в ее взгляде. Mankind had stamped its approval upon certain actions. ≈ Человечество уже высказало одобрение в отношении определенных действий. Syn: approbation, commendation Ant: censure, disapprobation, disapproval, dissatisfaction
2) утверждение;
санкция we received their approval to continue the research ≈ мы получили их согласие на продолжение работы Syn: sanction
3) рассмотрение to submit for approval ≈ представить на рассмотрение, для оценки on approvalодобрение - to nod in * одобрительно кивать головой;
кивнуть в знак согласия - sign of * знак одобрения - to receive * получать одобрение - I hope this plan has your * я нядеюсь, что вы одобряете этот план одобрение, утверждение, санкция;
визирование - the plan was submitted for * план был передан на утверждение (коммерческое) предметы, посланные покупателю на пробу (с правом возврата)administrative ~ административное санкционированиеapproval визирование ~ одобрение;
благоприятное мнение;
he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план;
to meet with approval получить одобрение;
on approval см. appro ~ одобрение ~ предметы, посланные покупателю на пробу ~ рассмотрение;
to submit for approval представить на рассмотрение, для оценки ~ рассмотрение ~ санкционирование ~ санкция ~ утверждение;
санкция ~ утверждение~ of a building приемка зданияcentral government ~ утверждение центральным правительствомdeny ~ отрицать признаниеentry ~ вчт. подтверждение вводаenvironmental ~ одобрение экологической службойexecutive ~ утверждение вышестоящей инстанциейgovernment ~ одобрение правительства government ~ поддержка правительства government ~ санкция правительства~ одобрение;
благоприятное мнение;
he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план;
to meet with approval получить одобрение;
on approval см. appro~ одобрение;
благоприятное мнение;
he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план;
to meet with approval получить одобрение;
on approval см. appro~ одобрение;
благоприятное мнение;
he gave his approval to our plan он одобрил наш план;
to meet with approval получить одобрение;
on approval см. appro on ~ на одобрении on ~ на рассмотрении on ~ на согласовании on ~ на утвержденииpattern ~ утверждение образцаpending official ~ в ожидании официального одобренияprior ~ предварительное одобрениеrequiring official ~ необходимое официальное одобрениеsale on ~ продажа с условием последующего одобрения товара покупателем sale: ~ on approval продажа с правом покупателя отказаться от товара ~ on approval продажа с условием последующего одобрения товара покупателем~ рассмотрение;
to submit for approval представить на рассмотрение, для оценкиtype ~ утверждение типового образцаwithdraw the ~ отменять утверждениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > approval
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7 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
8 Finanzkommission
■ Ständige Kommission der FIFA, die die finanzielle Führung überwacht und das FIFA-Exekutivkomitee in finanziellen Fragen und bei der Vermögensverwaltung berät.► Weiter analysiert die Finanzkommission das vom FIFA-Generalsekretär erstellte Budget sowie die Jahresrechnungen und unterbreitet diese dem FIFA-Exekutivkomitee zur Genehmigung.Finance Committee FIFA■ Standing committee of FIFA that monitors the financial management of FIFA and advises the FIFA Executive Committee on financial matters and asset management.► The Financial Committee analyses the FIFA budget and the financial statements prepared by the FIFA general secretary and submits them to the FIFA Executive Committee for approval.■ UEFA-Kommission, die das UEFA-Exekutivkomitee bezüglich des Finanzmanagements der UEFA berät und unterstützt, insbesondere bezüglich der Finanzberichterstattung an das UEFA-Exekutivkomitee und den UEFA-Kongress, bezüglich Budgetierung und Prognose, bezüglich Vermögens- und finanzielles Risikomanagement sowie bezüglich Anlagepolitik.► Die Finanzkommission koordiniert ihre Arbeit mit den internen Revisoren und externen Revisoren. Die Finanzkommission setzt sich zusammen aus einem Vorsitzenden, und zwar dem UEFA-Vizepräsidenten, der nicht Mitglied des SBBF ist, sowie drei Mitgliedern, und zwar dem Vorsitzenden der Kommission für Landesverbände, dem Vorsitzenden der HatTrick-Kommission und dem Vorsitzenden der Beratungskommission für Marketingfragen.Finance Committee UEFA■ A UEFA committee whose duties are to advise and support the UEFA Executive Committee in the financial management of UEFA, in particular the financial reporting to the UEFA Executive Committee and UEFA Congress, budgeting and forecasting, asset and financial risk management, and investment policies.► The Finance Committee cooperates in its work with the internal auditors and external auditors. The Finance Committee is composed of a chairman, namely the UEFA vice-president who is not a member of the PFSC, and three members, namely the chairman of the National Associations Committee, the chairman of the HatTrick Committee and the chairman of the Marketing Advisory Committee. -
9 UEFA-Exekutivkomitee
■ Organ der UEFA, dessen unübertragbare und unentziehbare Aufgaben die Oberleitung der UEFA und die Erteilung der nötigen Weisungen, die Ausgestaltung und Beaufsichtigung des Rechnungswesens, die Ernennung und Abberufung des UEFA-Generalsekretärs und des stellvertretenden UEFA-Generalsekretärs auf Vorschlag des UEFA-Präsidenten, die Oberaufsicht über die UEFA-Administration, die Genehmigung des jährlichen Geschäftsplans der UEFA-Administration sowie die Erstellung eines schriftlichen Berichts zuhanden des ordentlichen Kongresses sind.► Das UEFA-Exekutivkomitee setzt sich aus dem UEFA-Präsidenten, der die Sitzung leitet, und fünfzehn durch einen UEFA-Kongress gewählten Mitgliedern zusammen.■ An organ whose main untransferable and irrevocable duties are overall control of UEFA and the issue of necessary instructions, form and supervision of the book-keeping, appointment and dismissal of the UEFA general secretary and UEFA deputy general secretary upon proposal of the UEFA president, overall supervision of the UEFA administration, approval of the annual business plan of the UEFA administration, and compilation of a written report for presentation to the Ordinary Congress.► The UEFA Executive Committee consists of the UEFA president, who chairs the meetings, and fifteen other members elected by a UEFA Congress. -
10 government
сущ.1) гос. упр. правительство ( высший орган исполнительной власти в стране)to set up [form\] a government — сформировать правительство
It is a call for government and business to work more closely together. — Это призыв к правительству и деловым кругам работать более сплоченно.
Syn:See:cabinet government, caretaker government, carpet-bag government, government de facto, government de jure, government in exile, bank of government, change of government, government agent, government approval, government broker, government customer, government organization, government program, intergovernmental, administrative act, executive power, nongovernmental organization, international nongovernmental organization, vote of no confidence, convention of collective ministerial responsibility, coup d'état2) гос. упр. власти; государство ( как институт)Syn:See:government aid, government bill of lading, government buyer, government contractor, government guarantee, government payroll, government pension, government purchases, government subsidy, at government expense, government-subsidized competition, branch of power3) гос. упр. администрация (района, города т. п.)Syn:See:4) пол. правление, форма правленияSyn:See:absolute government, authoritarian government, bicameral government, constitutional government, democratic government, republican government5) упр. управление, руководство ( в государственной сфере или на высшем уровне организации)See:6) гос. упр. губерния, провинция (территория, управляемая губернатором)See:7) гос. упр., мн. органы государственного [муниципального\] управленияThe Council of Governments is a voluntary organization of municipal and county governments in North Carolina. — Совет штата представляет из себя добровольную организацию муниципальных и государственных органов управления.
See:8) мн., гос. фин. государственные ценные бумагиSee: -
11 agreement
n1) соглашение, договор; контракт2) согласие; договоренность•to abide by the terms of an agreement — соблюдать / выполнять условия соглашения, придерживаться условий соглашения
to adhere to an agreement — выполнять / соблюдать соглашение, придерживаться условий соглашения
to announce a measure of agreement with smb — объявлять о достижении определенной степени согласия / договоренности с кем-л.
to arrive at / to attain an agreement — приходить к соглашению, достигать соглашения
to be in agreement with smb about smth — соглашаться с кем-л. в отношении чего-л.; быть единого мнения с кем-л. о чем-л.
to be in contravention of an agreement — противоречить соглашению / условиям соглашения
to breach / to break an agreement — нарушать соглашение
to enter into an agreement — заключать соглашение / договор
to extend an agreement — продлевать срок действия соглашения, пролонгировать соглашение
to find oneself in full agreement about smth — обнаруживать полное единство взглядов по какому-л. вопросу
to go back on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, отказываться от выполнения соглашения
to leave the agreement in tatters — перен. не оставить камня на камне от соглашения
to observe an agreement — соблюдать соглашение; выполнять условия соглашения
to obstruct progress towards an agreement — препятствовать достижению соглашения; затруднять достижение соглашения
to pave the way towards further agreements — открывать путь к заключению / достижению новых соглашений
to reach agreement on smth — достигать согласия / договариваться по какому-л. вопросу
to renege on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, уклоняться от выполнения соглашения
to repudiate an agreement — отвергать соглашение, отказываться от ранее заключенного соглашения
to review / to revoke an agreement — пересматривать соглашение
to sabotage an agreement — срывать / саботировать выполнение соглашения
to secure an agreement — добиваться соглашения, обеспечивать заключение соглашения
to seek an agreement — 1) добиваться заключения соглашения 2) добиваться согласия / договоренности
to stipulate smth by an agreement — обуславливать что-л. соглашением
to submit an agreement to the government for endorsement — предоставлять текст соглашения на утверждение правительства
to thwart / to torpedo an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения
- agreement fell flatto wreck an agreement — срывать соглашение, мешать заключению соглашения
- agreement has broken down
- agreement has come into operation
- agreement in force
- agreement in principle
- agreement is effective
- agreement is in danger of collapse
- agreement is in force
- agreement is subject to approval by the General Assembly
- agreement is to come into effect on August 20
- agreement is unlikely to stock
- agreement is up for renewal
- agreement on a framework of withdrawal
- agreement on a partial pullout of troops
- agreement on all points
- agreement on limiting nuclear weapons
- agreement under negotiation
- agreement will hold
- agreement worth $...
- agreements of wages, hours and working conditions
- allied agreements
- arbitration agreement
- architect of an agreement
- armistice agreement
- arms agreement
- arms control agreement
- as a precursor to any kind of an agreement
- as part of the agreement
- avoidance of an agreement
- back-to-work agreement
- barter agreement
- basic agreement
- behind-the-scenes agreement
- bilateral agreement
- binding agreement
- branch agreements
- breach of the peace agreement
- broad agreement
- by mutual agreement
- cartel agreement
- cease-fire agreement
- clearing agreement
- collective agreement
- commercial agreement
- commodity agreement
- compensation agreement
- complete agreement on all major items
- comprehensive agreement
- compromise agreement
- conclusion of an agreement
- consensus agreement
- consular agreement
- contractual agreement
- conventional arms agreement
- cooperation agreement
- credit agreements
- cultural exchange agreement
- currency-credit agreements
- current agreement
- disarmament agreement
- disengagement agreement
- draft agreement
- durable agreement
- duration of an agreement
- economic agreement
- enslaving agreement
- enthralling agreement
- entry of an agreement into force
- equal party to the agreement
- equitable agreement
- executive agreement
- expiration of an agreement
- face-saving agreement
- far-reaching agreement
- fettering agreement
- final agreement
- final print of an agreement
- financial agreement
- foreign investment agreement
- formal agreement
- Four-Power Agreement on West Berlin
- framework agreement
- free trade agreement
- GATT
- General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
- general agreement
- Geneva Agreements
- gentleman's agreement
- historic agreement
- immigration agreement
- impediment to an agreement
- in accordance with the agreement achieved
- in circumvention of the agreement
- in conformity with the terms of agreements
- in contravention of the agreement
- in line with the agreement
- in the absence of a special agreement
- in the wake of the agreement
- inconsistent with the agreement
- indemnification agreement
- inequitable agreement
- INF Agreement
- informal agreement
- initial agreement
- installment agreement
- instalment agreement
- interagency agreement
- interdepartmental agreement
- intergovernmental agreement
- interim agreement
- interlocking set of agreements
- Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement
- international agreement
- international fisheries agreement
- interstate agreement
- labor agreement
- landmark agreement
- large measure of agreement between...
- last-in-first-out redundancy agreement
- last-minute agreement
- lend-lease agreement
- license agreement
- licensing agreement
- long-awaited agreement
- long-term agreement
- major agreement
- marketing agreement
- market-sharing agreement
- measure of agreement between smb
- military agreement
- military-political agreement
- model agreement
- monetary agreement
- multilateral agreement
- multipartite agreement
- multipurpose international agreement
- mutual agreement
- national agreement
- nonaggression agreement
- nonattack agreement
- nonbelligerency agreement
- noncompliance with the agreement
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- no-strike agreement
- observance of the agreement
- on the brink of an agreement
- on the verge of an agreement
- onerous agreement
- on-site monitoring agreement
- outline agreement
- overall agreement
- package agreement
- patent agreement
- payments agreement
- peace agreement
- pending the coming into force of the agreement
- permanent agreement
- personal training agreement
- political agreement
- power-sharing agreement
- preliminary agreement
- procedural agreement
- progress toward a concerted agreement
- progress toward mutually acceptable agreement
- prolongation of an agreement
- prospect of an agreement
- provided by the agreement
- provision of an agreement
- provisional agreement
- quadripartite agreement
- reciprocal agreement
- regional agreement
- repatriation agreement
- safeguards agreement
- scientific and technical cooperation agreement
- search for a generally acceptable agreement
- secret agreement
- separate agreement
- short-term agreement
- show-piece of an agreement
- signs for agreement
- solid agreement
- solvent feature of the agreement
- special agreement
- special service agreement
- specific agreement
- standstill agreement
- starting-point of an agreement
- stipulated by the following article of the agreement
- strike-free agreement
- subject of an agreement
- subject to agreement
- subsidiary agreement
- substantive agreement
- superpower agreement
- tacit agreement
- tariff agreement
- technical agreement
- tentative agreement
- termination of agreement - trade and credit agreement
- trade and economic agreement
- trade-and-payments agreement
- tripartite agreement
- troop-withdrawal agreement
- trusteeship agreement
- umbrella agreement
- under the agreement
- unequal agreement
- unratified agreement
- unspoken agreement
- UN-sponsored agreement
- unwritten agreement
- verbal agreement
- verifiable agreement
- viable agreement
- voluntary price restraint agreement
- wide-ranging agreements
- working agreement
- written agreement
- zero-zero agreement -
12 resolution
n1) (about / on smth) резолюция, решение, постановление2) решимость, решительность3) разрешение, урегулирование (конфликта, проблемы)•to abide by a resolution — соблюдать / выполнять резолюцию, придерживаться резолюции
to accept a resolution — соглашаться выполнять резолюцию, подчиняться резолюции
to adhere to a resolution — соблюдать / выполнять резолюцию, придерживаться резолюции
to adjourn the consideration of a draft resolution — откладывать / прерывать рассмотрение проекта резолюции
to be close to resolution — быть близким к разрешению (о конфликте, проблеме)
to bury a resolution — перен. хоронить резолюцию
to carry out / through / to comply with a resolution — соблюдать / выполнять резолюцию, придерживаться резолюции
to draft / to draw up a resolution — составлять резолюцию
to hammer out a resolution — вырабатывать / составлять резолюцию
to introduce a draft resolution — представлять / вносить на рассмотрение проект резолюции / решения
to move a draft resolution — представлять / вносить на рассмотрение проект резолюции / решения
to overrule / to overturn a resolution — отклонять / отвергать резолюцию
to prepare a resolution — вырабатывать / готовить / составлять резолюцию
to put a draft resolution before the General Assembly — представлять проект резолюции на рассмотрение Генеральной Ассамблеи
to reject a resolution — отклонять / отвергать резолюцию
to show resolution — проявлять решительность / решимость
to submit a resolution for approval — вносить / представлять резолюцию на утверждение
to table a resolution — вносить / выдвигать / предлагать / представлять (на рассмотрение) резолюцию
to turn down a resolution — отклонять / отвергать резолюцию
to vote down a resolution — отклонять / отвергать резолюцию
to water down a resolution (by / with amendments) — ослаблять резолюцию (поправками)
- amended resolutionto work out a resolution — вырабатывать / готовить / составлять резолюцию
- antinuclear resolution
- as laid down by the resolution
- blueprint for a new resolution
- ceasefire resolution
- centerpiece of a resolution
- concurrent resolution
- consensus resolution
- consolidated draft resolution
- continuing resolution
- defiance of a resolution
- draft resolution
- emergency resolution
- executive resolution
- follow-up resolution
- implementation of a resolution
- in pursuance of the resolution
- interim resolution
- joint resolution
- key resolution
- lopsided resolution
- mandatory resolution
- military resolution of the confrontation
- nonbinding resolution
- noncompliance with a resolution
- one-sided resolution
- operative part of a resolution
- pursuant to the resolution
- resolution against a country
- resolution binding on smb
- resolution calling for an end to the war
- resolution comes into effect
- resolution deploring smth
- resolution fell short of imposing sanctions on smb
- resolution passed with a lopsided margin of 91-4
- resolution seeking an end to the war
- resolution was carried by an overwhelming majority
- resolution won overwhelming support
- reversal of a resolution
- revised draft resolution
- sponsor of the resolution
- stern resolution
- strong resolution
- substitute resolution
- timid resolution
- UN resolution
- unanimous passage of a resolution
- unanimous resolution
- unconditional acceptance of a resolution
- under the resolution
- use-of-force resolution
- widely supported resolution -
13 legislative
1) законодавча влада; законодавчий орган, законодавчі органи; нормативний акт2) законодавчий; правотворчий; правоутворюючий; нормовстановчий•- legislative activitieslegislative-executive agreement — укладена главою виконавчої влади угода, що потребує санкції законодавчого органу; нормовстановча угода між законодавчим органом і главою виконавчої влади
- legislative agenda
- legislative appointment
- legislative appropriations
- legislative approval
- legislative assembly
- legislative assistant
- legislative authority
- legislative authorization
- legislative base
- legislative basis
- legislative bill
- legislative bodies
- legislative body
- legislative branch
- legislative budget
- legislative business
- legislative change
- legislative clemency
- legislative committee
- legislative competence
- legislative compromise
- legislative contempt
- legislative control
- legislative correction
- legislative council
- legislative counsel
- legislative day
- legislative decision
- legislative definition
- legislative delegation
- legislative democracy
- legislative design
- legislative development
- legislative district
- legislative districting
- legislative draft
- legislative duties
- legislative election
- legislative enactment
- legislative establishment
- legislative excess
- legislative execution
- legislative fact
- legislative focus
- legislative framework
- legislative function
- legislative goal
- legislative government
- legislative ground
- legislative hearing
- legislative hearings
- legislative history
- legislative immunity
- legislative impeachment
- legislative implementation
- legislative initiative
- legislative innovation
- legislative inquiry
- legislative instrument
- legislative intent
- legislative intention
- legislative investigation
- legislative investigator
- legislative journal
- legislative jurisdiction
- legislative language
- legislative lawyer
- legislative leadership
- legislative measure
- legislative offence
- legislative offense
- legislative officer
- legislative official
- legislative opinion
- legislative organ
- legislative package
- legislative pardon
- legislative penalty
- legislative period
- legislative plan
- legislative planning
- legislative policy
- legislative power
- legislative prerogative
- legislative priorities
- legislative procedure
- legislative proceeding
- legislative proceedings
- legislative process
- legislative program
- legislative programme
- legislative prohibition
- legislative proposal
- legislative punishment
- legislative purpose
- legislative question
- legislative questioning
- legislative ratification
- legislative reapportionment
- legislative reciprocity
- legislative record
- legislative reference
- legislative reform
- legislative regulation
- legislative representative
- legislative restriction
- legislative review
- legislative revision
- legislative rule
- legislative rulemaker
- legislative rules
- legislative schedule
- legislative seat
- legislative secrecy
- legislative session
- legislative setting
- legislative stage
- legislative strategy
- legislative supervision
- legislative system
- legislative testimony
- legislative treaty
- legislative trial
- legislative union
- legislative veto
- legislative voter
- legislative will
- legislative work
- legislative year -
14 authority
1) орган власти, администрация2) право; полномочие; власть должностного лица; сфера компетенции3) крупный специалист, авторитет -
15 sale
(a) (act, event) vente f;∎ to work in sales travailler dans la vente;∎ for sale à vendre;∎ to put sth up for sale mettre qch en vente;∎ on sale en vente;∎ sale for the account vente à terme;∎ sale on approval vente à l'essai;∎ sale by auction vente aux enchères;∎ sale on CIF basis vente CAF;∎ sale at departure vente au départ;∎ sale by description vente sur description;∎ sale and lease-back cession-bail f;∎ sale at a loss vente à perte;∎ sales and marketing vente-marketing f;∎ sales and marketing department service m vente-marketing;∎ sales and marketing director directeur(trice) m, f des ventes et du marketing;∎ sale with option of repurchase vente avec faculté de rachat;∎ sale by order of the court vente judiciaire;∎ sale by private agreement vente à l'amiable;∎ sales and profit forecast prévision f des ventes et profits;∎ sale at a reduced price vente à prix réduit;∎ sale or return vente avec faculté de retour;∎ sale by sample vente sur échantillon;∎ sale by sealed tender vente par soumission cachetée;∎ sale as seen vente en l'étatsales account compte m des ventes;sales acumen sens m du commerce;sale agreement accord m ou protocole m de vente;sales analysis analyse f des ventes;British sales assistant vendeur(euse) m, f;sales audit audit m de vente;sales budget budget m commercial ou des ventes;sales campaign campagne f de vente;sales chart courbe f des ventes;American sales check ticket m de caisse;American sales clerk vendeur(euse);sales commission commission f de vente;sales consultant conseiller(ère) m, f commercial(e);sales contract contrat m de vente;sales counter comptoir m de vente;sales coverage couverture f du marché;sales department service m des ventes;sales director directeur(trice) commercial(e) ou des ventes;sales drive campagne de vente;sales effectiveness efficacité f des ventes;sales engineer agent m technico-commercial;sales equation équation f de vente;sales executive cadre m commercial;sales expansion développement m des ventes;STOCK EXCHANGE sales fee frais m pl d'achat ou d'acquisition;sales figures chiffre de vente;sales floor surface de vente;sales force force f de vente;sales forecast prévision des ventes;sales growth accroissement m des ventes;sales incentive stimulant m de vente;sales invoice facture f de vente;sales invoice ledger journal m factures-clients;ACCOUNTANCY sales ledger grand-livre m des ventes, journal des ventes;sales letter lettre f de vente;sales literature brochures f pl publicitaires;sales management direction f commerciale ou des ventes;sales manager directeur(trice) commercial(e) ou des ventes;sales meeting réunion f de représentants;sales monopoly monopole m de vente;sales network réseau m commercial ou de vente;sales note bulletin m de vente;sales objective objectif m de vente;sales orientation optique f vente;sales outlet point m de vente;sales performance efficacité de vente;sales personnel personnel m de vente;sales philosophy optique vente;sales pitch arguments m pl de vente;sales planning planification f des ventes;sales policy politique f de vente;sales potential potentiel m de vente;sales programme programme m des ventes;sales projection prévision des ventes;sales promoter promoteur(trice) m, f des ventes;sales promotion promotion f des ventes;sales promotion agency agence f de promotion des ventes;sales quota quota m de ventes;sales ratio ratio m des ventes;sales report rapport m ou relevé m de vente;sales representative représentant(e) m, f (de commerce), VRP m;sales research études f pl sur les ventes;sales response réaction f des ventes;sales room (for auction) salle f des ventes;sales schedule programme des ventes;American sales slip ticket m de caisse;sales staff personnel de vente;sales subsidiary filiale f de vente;sales support soutien m commercial;sales support staff personnel de soutien commercial;sales target objectif m de vente;American sales tax TVA f, taxe f à la valeur ajoutée;sales team équipe f de vente;sales technician agent m technico-commercial;sales technique technique f de vente;sales territory territoire m de vente;sales tool instrument m de vente;sales volume volume m des ventes;MARKETING sales wave vague f de vente(b) (at reduced prices) soldes m pl;∎ the sales les soldes;∎ I got it in a sale je l'ai acheté en soldesale price prix m soldé -
16 History of volleyball
________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.________________________________________________________________________________In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to BrazilIn 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American lifeIn 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organizedIn 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicsThere is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.________________________________________Copyright (c)Volleyball World WideVolleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWWhttp://www.Volleyball.ORG/ -
17 clause
1) статья; пункт; оговорка; клаузула; условие | делить на статьи•clause in contract — пункт, статья, условие договора
- acceleration clausecruel and unusual punishments clause — пункт ( поправки VIII к конституции США) о запрете жестоких и необычных наказаний
- ad damnum clause
- adjustment clause
- alienation clause
- all the estate clause
- American clause
- approval-of-order clause
- arbitration clause
- assignment clause
- attestation clause
- best endeavour clause
- binding clause
- both to blame collision clause
- bunkering deviation clause
- burned and unburned clause
- cancelling clause
- cease clause
- cession clause
- c.i.f. sound delivered clause
- coefficient clause
- collision clause
- commander-in-chief clause
- commerce clause
- compromise clause
- compromissary clause
- conflicting clauses
- confrontation clause
- continuation clause
- contractual clause
- contract clause
- craft clause
- currency clause
- debate clause
- detention clause
- deviation clause
- double jeopardy clause
- due process clause
- efforts clause
- elastic clause
- enacting clause
- equal protection clause
- escalation clause
- escape clause
- establishment clause
- excepted perils clause
- exception clause
- excessive bail and fines clause
- exchange clause
- executive power clause
- exemption clause
- ex post facto clause
- faithful execution clause
- freight clause
- full faith and credit clause
- general ice clause
- general participation clause
- general strike clause
- gold clause
- gold-bullion clause
- gold-coin clause
- gold-value clause
- grandfather clause
- grant-back clause
- habendum clause
- Henry VIII clause
- ice clause
- immunities clauses
- impairment of contracts clause
- inability clause
- indemnity clause
- insurance clause
- interpretation clause
- introductory clause
- irritant clause
- law of the land clause
- let-out clause
- lien clause
- lost or not lost clause
- maintenance-of-membership clause
- manufacturing clause
- memorandum clause
- metalling clause
- most favoured nation clause
- necessary and proper clause
- negligence clause
- obligation of contract clause
- off hire clause
- omnibus clause
- opening clause
- optional clause
- penal clause
- penalty clause
- perils of the sea clause
- perils clause
- policy proof of interest clause
- postal clause
- prepayment clause
- privileges and immunities clause
- productivity clause
- proviso clause
- reciprocity clause
- reddendum clause
- redelivery clause
- release clause
- religion clause
- reprieves and pardons clause
- repugnant clauses
- reservation clause
- residuary clause
- resolutive clause
- riots and civil commotion clause
- running-down clause
- safe port clause
- salvage clause
- saving clause
- self-incrimination clause
- sister ship clause
- speech clause
- standard clause
- subrogation clause
- sue and labour clause
- supremacy clause
- sweeping clause
- take care clause
- telle quelle clause
- termination clause
- testimonium clause
- trademarks clause
- union signatory clause
- warehouse to warehouse clause
- warehouse clause
- whereas clause
- clause of accruer
- cesser clause -
18 confirmation
1. n подтверждение, доказательство2. n утверждение; ратификацияconfirmation of an executive act by a legislative body — утверждение правительственного распоряжения законодательным собранием
3. n церк. конфирмацияСинонимический ряд:1. ceremony (noun) ceremony; consecration; liturgy; rite; sacrament2. evidence (noun) attestation; authentication; corroboration; documentation; evidence; proof; substantiation; support; testament; testimonial; testimony; validation; verification; verifying; witness3. sanction (noun) accreditation; affirmation; agreement; approval; authorisation; authorization; endorsement; ratification; sanction; sanctioning -
19 head of brand management and visual brand presentation department
- руководитель подразделения по управлению брендом и зрительной презентации бренда
руководитель подразделения по управлению брендом и зрительной презентации бренда
Должностное лицо, которое отвечает за развитие стратегии зрительной презентации бренда. Помимо этого, у него существует широкий круг иных обязанностей – от презентации эмблемы и других
важнейших элементов атрибутики Игр, которые должны быть утверждены исполкомом МОК, до осуществления контроля за тем, чтобы продукция всех обладателей лицензий и спонсоров соответствовала бренду Игр. В его обязанности входит также контроль за правильностью и своевременностью установки элементов атрибутики Игр (рекламных растяжек, тканевых покрытий и больших рекламных щитов) на объектах. Руководителя подразделения по управлению брендом и зрительной презентации бренда часто называют креативным директором.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
head of brand management and visual brand presentation department
Person who is responsible for the development of the visual brand presentation strategy. In addition to this, he has a wide spectrum of responsibilities. From presenting the emblem and other important design applications of the Games to the IOC Executive Board for approval to making sure all licensees and sponsors are aligned with the brand identity of the Games to ensuring that manual workers are installing the Look of the Games applications like banners, fence fabric and large spectacular prints at the venues correctly and on time. The head of brand management and visual brand presentation department is often referred to as the creative head.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > head of brand management and visual brand presentation department
-
20 IF involvement in doping control
участие МСФ в программе допинг-контроля
Международные спортивные федерации предлагают количество и кандидатуры участников, задействованных в проведении допинг-контроля, что должно быть утверждено Исполнительным комитетом МОК.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
IF involvement in doping control
IFs propose the number of, and selection of competitors for doping controls, which also requires approval from the IOC Executive Board.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > IF involvement in doping control
См. также в других словарях:
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